:root {
    /* --- Light Theme (Default) --- */
    --c-bg: #f6f1ea;
    --c-bg-alt: #ede6da;
    --c-bg-surface: #ffffff;
    --c-text: #2c2825;
    --c-text-secondary: #6b6259;
    --c-text-muted: #9a9083;
    --c-heading: #1a1714;
    --c-accent: #c8872e;
    --c-accent-hover: #a86d1a;
    --c-accent-light: rgba(200, 135, 46, 0.12);
    --c-accent-border: rgba(200, 135, 46, 0.3);
    --c-green: #5a7a5e;
    --c-green-light: rgba(90, 122, 94, 0.1);
    --c-border: rgba(44, 40, 37, 0.1);
    --c-border-strong: rgba(44, 40, 37, 0.2);
    --c-shadow: rgba(44, 40, 37, 0.08);
    --c-shadow-deep: rgba(44, 40, 37, 0.16);
    --c-code-bg: #f0ebe3;
    --c-blockquote-bg: rgba(200, 135, 46, 0.06);
    --c-blockquote-border: var(--c-accent);
    --c-nav-bg: rgba(246, 241, 234, 0.92);
    --c-hero-overlay: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(26, 23, 20, 0.55) 0%, rgba(26, 23, 20, 0.8) 100%);
    --c-selection-bg: rgba(200, 135, 46, 0.25);
    --c-selection-text: var(--c-heading);

    /* --- Spacing Scale --- */
    --s-xs: 0.25rem;
    --s-sm: 0.5rem;
    --s-md: 1rem;
    --s-lg: 1.5rem;
    --s-xl: 2.5rem;
    --s-2xl: 4rem;
    --s-3xl: 6rem;

    /* --- Typography --- */
    --f-display: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
    --f-body: 'Source Serif 4', Georgia, serif;
    --f-mono: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;
    --f-size-base: clamp(1.05rem, 0.95rem + 0.3vw, 1.2rem);
    --f-lh-body: 1.78;
    --f-lh-heading: 1.2;

    /* --- Layout --- */
    --w-content: min(52rem, 90vw);
    --w-wide: min(56rem, 94vw);
    --w-full: min(72rem, 96vw);
    --border-r: 0.375rem;
    --border-r-lg: 0.75rem;

    /* --- Transitions --- */
    --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
    --t-fast: 180ms var(--ease-out);
    --t-normal: 320ms var(--ease-out);
    --t-slow: 500ms var(--ease-out);
}

/* --- Dark Theme --- */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
    :root {
        --c-bg: #141210;
        --c-bg-alt: #1c1916;
        --c-bg-surface: #1e1b18;
        --c-text: #d4cdc4;
        --c-text-secondary: #9a9184;
        --c-text-muted: #706860;
        --c-heading: #f0ebe3;
        --c-accent: #dea04a;
        --c-accent-hover: #edb55e;
        --c-accent-light: rgba(222, 160, 74, 0.1);
        --c-accent-border: rgba(222, 160, 74, 0.25);
        --c-green: #7da882;
        --c-green-light: rgba(125, 168, 130, 0.1);
        --c-border: rgba(212, 205, 196, 0.08);
        --c-border-strong: rgba(212, 205, 196, 0.15);
        --c-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
        --c-shadow-deep: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
        --c-code-bg: #1e1b17;
        --c-blockquote-bg: rgba(222, 160, 74, 0.06);
        --c-nav-bg: rgba(20, 18, 16, 0.94);
        --c-hero-overlay: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(20, 18, 16, 0.6) 0%, rgba(20, 18, 16, 0.88) 100%);
        --c-selection-bg: rgba(222, 160, 74, 0.3);
        --c-selection-text: #f0ebe3;
    }
}

/* ============================================================
    RESET & BASE
    ============================================================ */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

::selection {
    background: var(--c-selection-bg);
    color: var(--c-selection-text);
}

html {
    font-size: 100%;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    hanging-punctuation: first last;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--f-body);
    font-size: var(--f-size-base);
    font-optical-sizing: auto;
    line-height: var(--f-lh-body);
    color: var(--c-text);
    background-color: var(--c-bg);
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* ============================================================
    FOCUS STYLES (Accessibility)
    ============================================================ */
:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid var(--c-accent);
    outline-offset: 3px;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ============================================================
    SKIP LINK
    ============================================================ */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100%;
    left: var(--s-md);
    padding: var(--s-sm) var(--s-md);
    background: var(--c-accent);
    color: #fff;
    font-family: var(--f-body);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: var(--border-r);
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: top var(--t-fast);
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: var(--s-md);
}

/* ============================================================
    HEADER
    ============================================================ */
header {
    display: block;
}

/* ============================================================
    TABLE OF CONTENTS (NAV)
    ============================================================ */
nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] {
    width: var(--w-content);
    margin: var(--s-xl) auto var(--s-2xl);
    padding: var(--s-lg) var(--s-xl);
    background: var(--c-bg-surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--c-border);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--c-accent);
    border-radius: var(--border-r);
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px var(--c-shadow);
}

nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"]::before {
    content: "Indice";
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-size: clamp(0.85rem, 0.8rem + 0.2vw, 0.95rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--c-accent);
    margin-bottom: var(--s-md);
}

nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] ol {
    list-style: none;
    counter-reset: toc;
}

nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] li {
    counter-increment: toc;
    margin-bottom: var(--s-xs);
}

nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] li::before {
    content: "0" counter(toc);
    display: inline-block;
    width: 1.8em;
    font-family: var(--f-mono);
    font-size: 0.8em;
    color: var(--c-text-muted);
    margin-right: var(--s-sm);
}

nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] a {
    color: var(--c-text);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: color var(--t-fast), border-color var(--t-fast);
}

nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] a:hover {
    color: var(--c-accent);
    border-bottom-color: var(--c-accent-border);
}

/* ============================================================
    MAIN — ARTICLE CONTAINER
    ============================================================ */
main {
    width: var(--w-content);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: var(--s-2xl) 0 var(--s-3xl);
}

/* ============================================================
    HEADINGS
    ============================================================ */
main h1 {
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 1.5rem + 2.5vw, 3.6rem);
    font-weight: 900;
    line-height: 1.08;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    color: var(--c-heading);
    margin-bottom: var(--s-lg);
    text-wrap: balance;
    position: relative;
}

main h1::after {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    width: 3.5rem;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--c-accent);
    margin-top: var(--s-lg);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.breadcrumbs {
    margin-bottom: 35px;
}

main h2, .toc-wrap__title {
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 1.2rem + 1.2vw, 2.2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: var(--f-lh-heading);
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    color: var(--c-heading);
    margin-top: var(--s-3xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--s-lg);
    padding-top: var(--s-xl);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--c-border);
    text-wrap: balance;
}

main h2:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    border-top: none;
}

main h3 {
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1rem + 0.5vw, 1.45rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--c-heading);
    margin-top: var(--s-2xl);
    margin-bottom: var(--s-md);
}

main h3::before {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    width: 0.65em;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--c-accent);
    margin-right: 0.5em;
    vertical-align: middle;
    border-radius: 1px;
}

/* ============================================================
    PARAGRAPHS
    ============================================================ */
main p {
    margin-bottom: var(--s-lg);
    color: var(--c-text);
    text-align: justify;
    hyphens: auto;
}

main p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Lead paragraph — first p after h1 */
main h1+p {
    font-size: clamp(1.12rem, 1rem + 0.35vw, 1.3rem);
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--c-text-secondary);
}

/* ============================================================
    INLINE ELEMENTS
    ============================================================ */
main strong {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--c-heading);
}

main em {
    font-style: italic;
}

main a {
    color: var(--c-accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-accent-border);
    transition: color var(--t-fast), border-color var(--t-fast);
}

main a:hover {
    color: var(--c-accent-hover);
    border-bottom-color: var(--c-accent-hover);
}

main code {
    font-family: var(--f-mono);
    font-size: 0.88em;
    padding: 0.15em 0.4em;
    background: var(--c-code-bg);
    border-radius: 3px;
    color: var(--c-accent);
}

/* ============================================================
    LISTS
    ============================================================ */
main ul,
main ol {
    margin-bottom: var(--s-lg);
    padding-left: 1.25em;
    max-width: 62ch;
}

main ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
}

main ul li {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 1.4em;
    margin-bottom: var(--s-sm);
}

main ul li::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0.72em;
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: var(--c-accent);
    border-radius: 50%;
}

main ol {
    counter-reset: list-counter;
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
}

main ol li {
    counter-increment: list-counter;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 2em;
    margin-bottom: var(--s-sm);
}

main ol li::before {
    content: counter(list-counter);
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0.05em;
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.95em;
    color: var(--c-accent);
    width: 1.4em;
    text-align: center;
}

main li p {
    margin-bottom: var(--s-sm);
}

/* ============================================================
    BLOCKQUOTE
    ============================================================ */
main blockquote {
    margin: var(--s-xl) 0;
    padding: var(--s-lg) var(--s-xl);
    background: var(--c-blockquote-bg);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--c-blockquote-border);
    border-radius: 0 var(--border-r) var(--border-r) 0;
}

main blockquote p {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--c-text-secondary);
    margin-bottom: var(--s-sm);
}

main blockquote p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ============================================================
    FIGURES & IMAGES
    ============================================================ */
main figure {
    margin: var(--s-2xl) 0;
}

main figure img,
main .hero-image,
main .article-image {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--border-r-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px var(--c-shadow), 0 1px 4px var(--c-shadow-deep);
    transition: box-shadow var(--t-normal), transform var(--t-normal);
    object-fit: cover;
}

main figure img:hover,
main .article-image:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px var(--c-shadow-deep), 0 2px 8px var(--c-shadow);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

main .hero-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--border-r-lg);
    margin-bottom: var(--s-xl);
}

main figcaption {
    margin-top: var(--s-sm);
    font-size: 0.88em;
    color: var(--c-text-muted);
    text-align: center;
    font-style: italic;
}

/* ============================================================
    HORIZONTAL RULE (section divider)
    ============================================================ */
main hr {
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--c-border);
    margin: var(--s-2xl) auto;
    width: 5rem;
}

/* ============================================================
    TABLES (for data-heavy sections)
    ============================================================ */
main table {
    width: 100%;
    margin: var(--s-xl) 0;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 0.95em;
}

main thead {
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--c-accent);
}

main th {
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: left;
    padding: var(--s-sm) var(--s-md);
    color: var(--c-heading);
    font-size: 0.9em;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

main td {
    padding: var(--s-sm) var(--s-md);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-border);
    vertical-align: top;
}

main tbody tr {
    transition: background-color var(--t-fast);
}

main tbody tr:hover {
    background-color: var(--c-accent-light);
}

/* ============================================================
    CALLOUT / ASIDE BOXES
    ============================================================ */
main aside {
    margin: var(--s-xl) 0;
    padding: var(--s-lg);
    background: var(--c-green-light);
    border: 1px solid rgba(90, 122, 94, 0.2);
    border-radius: var(--border-r);
}

main aside p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* ============================================================
    FAQ — details/summary
    ============================================================ */
main details {
    margin-bottom: var(--s-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--c-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-r);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow var(--t-fast);
}

main details:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px var(--c-shadow);
}

main details[open] {
    box-shadow: 0 2px 12px var(--c-shadow);
}

main summary {
    padding: var(--s-md) var(--s-lg);
    font-family: var(--f-display);
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    background: var(--c-bg-surface);
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--s-sm);
    transition: color var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast);
}

main summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
}

main summary::before {
    content: "+";
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 1.5em;
    height: 1.5em;
    font-family: var(--f-mono);
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: var(--c-accent);
    border: 1px solid var(--c-accent-border);
    border-radius: 50%;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: transform var(--t-fast), background var(--t-fast);
}

main details[open] summary::before {
    content: "-";
    background: var(--c-accent-light);
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

main summary:hover {
    color: var(--c-accent);
}

main details> :not(summary) {
    padding: 0 var(--s-lg) var(--s-lg);
}

/* ============================================================
    BACK TO TOP LINK
    ============================================================ */
.back-to-top {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4em;
    position: fixed;
    bottom: var(--s-xl);
    right: var(--s-xl);
    padding: var(--s-sm) var(--s-md);
    font-family: var(--f-mono);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--c-text-muted);
    background: var(--c-bg-surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--c-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-r);
    text-decoration: none;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px var(--c-shadow);
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(1rem);
    transition: opacity var(--t-normal), transform var(--t-normal), color var(--t-fast), border-color var(--t-fast);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 50;
}

.back-to-top.visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.back-to-top:hover {
    color: var(--c-accent);
    border-color: var(--c-accent-border);
}

.back-to-top::before {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-left: 4px solid transparent;
    border-right: 4px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 5px solid currentColor;
}

/* ============================================================
    READING PROGRESS BAR
    ============================================================ */
.progress-bar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 0%;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--c-accent), var(--c-green));
    z-index: 100;
    transition: width 80ms linear;
    will-change: width;
}

/* ============================================================
    FOOTER
    ============================================================ */
footer {
    display: block;
}

/* ============================================================
    DECORATIVE ELEMENTS
    ============================================================ */

/* Subtle grain texture overlay */
body::after {
    content: "";
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    opacity: 0.025;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 9999;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 256 256' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-size: 200px 200px;
}

/* Top gold accent line */
body::before {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, var(--c-accent) 20%, var(--c-accent) 80%, transparent 100%);
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 99;
    opacity: 0.5;
}

/* ============================================================
    RESPONSIVE
    ============================================================ */
@media (max-width: 52rem) {
    main {
        padding: var(--s-xl) var(--s-md);
        width: 100%;
    }

    nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] {
        width: auto;
        padding: var(--s-md) var(--s-lg);
    }

    main .hero-image {
        width: calc(100% + 2rem);
        margin-left: -1rem;
    }

    main h2 {
        margin-top: var(--s-2xl);
    }

    .back-to-top {
        right: var(--s-md);
        bottom: var(--s-lg);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 30rem) {
    main h1 {
        font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 1.3rem + 2vw, 2.4rem);
    }

    main .hero-image {
        width: 100%;
        margin-left: 0;
        border-radius: var(--border-r);
    }

    nav[aria-label="Indice dei Contenuti"] li::before {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================================
    REDUCED MOTION
    ============================================================ */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {

    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    }

    .progress-bar {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* ============================================================
    PRINT STYLES
    ============================================================ */
@media print {

    body::before,
    body::after,
    .progress-bar,
    .back-to-top {
        display: none !important;
    }

    main {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 0;
    }

    main h2 {
        break-before: page;
    }

    main a {
        color: inherit;
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    main a::after {
        content: " (" attr(href) ")";
        font-size: 0.8em;
        color: #666;
    }
}